How to free up disk space on Linux

1. See what is using the space

df -h
du -sh ~/* ~/.cache 2>/dev/null | sort -h | tail -15

For an interactive view, install ncdu and run ncdu ~ to browse folders by size.

2. Clear package caches and unused dependencies

Ubuntu and Debian:

sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean

Fedora:

sudo dnf autoremove
sudo dnf clean all

3. Trim the system journal

journalctl --disk-usage
sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=2weeks

4. Old Flatpak runtimes and Snap revisions

flatpak uninstall --unused
sudo snap set system refresh.retain=2

The Snap setting keeps two revisions of each snap instead of the default three, and takes effect as snaps refresh.

5. Your own caches, logs and downloads

~/.cache fills up with browser, thumbnail and app caches. Disk Cleaner covers ~/.cache, ~/.local/state and stalled downloads without the command line, and Large & Old Files and Duplicate Finder work the same as on Mac and Windows.

Also check the Trash in ~/.local/share/Trash, which file managers do not always empty.